Relative Deprivation in Bucklow-St Martins

This report explores the 2019 English Indices of Deprivation for the small areas (Lower-Layer Super Output Areas or LSOAs) within Bucklow-St Martins. It compares these small areas relative to Trafford using the rank and score and highlights the indicators and data sources behind these measures.

Key findings

• Bucklow-St Martins is the most deprived ward within Trafford according to the Indices of Deprivation 2019, with the average scores placing the ward last for all but 1 of the 7 domains
• Trafford 017E in Bucklow-St Martins ward is the most deprived LSOA in Trafford ranking 490 out of 32,844 LSOAs in England. It sits within the 5% most deprived LSOAs nationally for Income, Employment, Education, Health and Income Deprivation Affecting Children
• 39.1% of the population in Trafford 017E (44.1% of children aged 0 to 15 and 33.8% of adults aged 60 or over) are living in income deprived households
• All LSOAs are in the bottom 30% most deprived nationally on the Index of Multiple Deprivation

Background

The English Indices of Deprivation (IoD) were published by the Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government in September 2019. The Indices measure relative levels of deprivation in 32,844 Lower-layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs) in England. Each LSOA contains approximately 1,500 residents or 650 households. They are ranked from 1 (most deprived) to 32,844 (least deprived) and assigned to a decile ranging from 1 (most deprived 10%) to 10 (least deprived 10%). Local authorities in England are also ranked from 1 to 317 based on a population weighted average rank or score of the LSOA data.

Relative deprivation is measured using 39 indicators which are grouped across seven different domains:

• Income - the proportion of the population experiencing deprivation relating to low income, including those people-out-of-work, and those who have low earnings
  
• Employment - the proportion of the working age population in an area involuntarily excluded from the labour market
  
• Education, Skills and Training - the lack of attainment and skills in the local population
  
• Health and Disability - the risk of premature death and the impairment of quality of life through poor physical or mental health
  
• Crime - the risk of personal and material victimisation at a local level
  
• Barriers to Housing and Services - the physical and financial accessibility of housing and local services
  
• Living Environment - the quality of the local environment

Each domain is combined and weighted to create the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), an overall measure of relative deprivation.

A further 2 supplementary indices of income deprivation are also provided:

• Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) - the proportion of all children aged 0 to 15 living in income deprived families
  
• Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI) - the proportion of all those aged 60 or over who experience income deprivation

Please note

• The Indices of Deprivation measure relative deprivation so a change in rank between 2019 and 2015 releases does not necessarily indicate a change in absolute levels of deprivation.
• The Indices of Deprivation cannot be used to quantify how deprived or affluent an area is, identify deprived people or to measure an absolute change in deprivation over time. However, it can be used to look at changes in relative deprivation between iterations of the data and to identify the most deprived small areas.
• The 39 indicators are based on data from the most recent time point available. This means that there is not one consistent time point for all the data. Although published in 2019, the latest Indices of Deprivation data are based largely on administrative data from 2015 and 2016. Similarly the 2015 publication is mainly based on data from 2012. Therefore there may be recent developments which are not yet reflected in the information published.
• The score for the Income and Employment domains as well as the two sub-domains for Income (IDACI AND IDAOPI) directly relates to the percentage of the relevant population experiencing that type of deprivation. See The English Indices of Deprivation 2019 Research Report for more information.

Further resources

• Ward level summaries of the 2019 Indices of Deprivation for Trafford are available to view interactively in linked charts and maps here.
• Relative deprivation in Trafford compared to other Local Authorities within Greater Manchester report.
• A web application which interactively visualises the proportion of LSOAs in the most deprived decile and the spatial distribution of relative deprivation for every local authority district in England is available here.
• A simple interactive visualisation which compares Trafford’s rank of average score against its CIPFA nearest neighbours is available here.

Relationship between LSOAs and electoral wards

Ward boundaries and LSOA boundaries do not always perfectly align and so it is impossible to aggregate from LSOA to ward exactly. Instead a ‘best-fit’ methodology is used by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) to assign LSOAs to the most appropriate ward. This may mean that some parts of the LSOAs discussed within this report fall outside of the ward boundary and some areas within the boundary are not covered as they have been assigned to another ward. Using this method, the ward of Bucklow-St Martins encompasses the following 6 LSOAs:

Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2019

LSOA code	LSOA name
E01006104	Trafford 017A
E01006105	Trafford 017B
E01006106	Trafford 017C
E01006107	Trafford 017D
E01006108	Trafford 017E
E01006171	Trafford 013D

Index of Multiple Deprivation

As mentioned above, the 7 domains are combined and weighted to create the Index of Multiple Deprivation which is an overall measure of relative deprivation. The plot below shows where the 6 LSOAs within Bucklow-St Martins lie relative to all the LSOAs in Trafford, and in which decile.

LSOAs in Bucklow-St Martins relative to Trafford on IMD

Source: 2019 Indices of Deprivation, MHCLG

For the overall IMD measure Trafford 017B and Trafford 017E are in the 1^st decile (10% most deprived in the country), Trafford 017D is in the 2^nd decile (20% most deprived in the country) and Trafford 017A and Trafford 017C are in the 3^rd decile (30% most deprived in the country). Of the 2 LSOAs in the 1^st decile, Trafford 017E ranks just 490 out of 32,844 LSOAs nationally with Trafford 017B ranking 2,097.

Income

The definition of low income used includes both those people that are out-of-work, and those that are in work but who have low earnings (and who satisfy the respective means tests). A combined count of income deprived individuals is produced by summing the following non-overlapping indicators:

• Adults and children in Income Support families
• Adults and children in income-based Jobseeker’s Allowance families
• Adults and children in income-based Employment and Support Allowance families
• Adults and children in Pension Credit (Guarantee) families
• Adults and children in Working Tax Credit and Child Tax Credit families not already counted
• Adults and children in Universal Credit families where no adult is in ‘Working - requirements’ conditionality regime
• Asylum seekers in England in receipt of subsistence support, accommodation support, or both

This domain has a weighting of 22.5% when combined with the others to form the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019.

LSOAs in Bucklow-St Martins relative to Trafford on Income

Source: 2019 Indices of Deprivation, MHCLG

The IoD score in the Income domain reflects the percentage of the population experiencing deprivation due to low income. Trafford 017B (ranked 1,220 out of 32,844) and Trafford 017E (ranked 487 out of 32,844) are in the 1^st decile (10% most deprived nationally) affecting 33.9% and 39.1% of the population respectively. Trafford 017C (ranked 5,500 out of 32,844) and Trafford 017D (ranked 5,162 out of 32,844) are in the 2^nd decile (20% most deprived nationally) affecting 22% and 22.7% of the population respectively. Trafford 017A (ranked 7,790 out of 32,844) and Trafford 013D (ranked 6,770 out of 32,844) are in the 3^rd decile with 18.3% and 19.8% of the population respectively.

Employment

This domain measures the proportion of working age population who are involuntarily excluded from the labour market, including those who would like to work but are unable to do so due to unemployment, sickness or disability, or caring responsibilities. This comprises the following non-overlapping indicators:

• Claimants of Jobseeker’s Allowance (both contribution-based and income-based), women aged 18 to 59 and men aged 18 to 64
• Claimants of Employment and Support Allowance, women aged 18 to 59 and men aged 18 to 64
• Claimants of Incapacity Benefit, women aged 18 to 59 and men aged 18 to 64
• Claimants of Severe Disablement Allowance, women aged 18 to 59 and men aged 18 to 64
• Claimants of Carer’s Allowance, women aged 18 to 59 and men aged 18 to 64
• Claimants of Universal Credit in the ‘Searching for work’ and ‘No work requirements’ conditionality groups

This domain has a weighting of 22.5% when combined with the others to form the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019.

LSOAs in Bucklow-St Martins relative to Trafford on Employment

Source: 2019 Indices of Deprivation, MHCLG

As with the Income domain, scores for the Employment domain reflect the percentage of the population experiencing this aspect of deprivation. All LSOAs within Bucklow St-Martins are in the bottom 20% nationally for this domain. Trafford 017B (ranked 1,693 out of 32,844 nationally) and Trafford 017E (ranked 821 out of 32,844 nationally) are in the 1^st decile (10% most deprived nationally), affecting 23.7% and 27.2% of the population respectively. Trafford 017A (ranked 5,115 out of 32,844), Trafford 017C (ranked 4,897 out of 32,844), Trafford 017D (ranked 3,931 out of 32,844) and Trafford 013D (ranked 5,528 out of 32,844) are in the 2^nd decile (20% most deprived nationally) affecting 16.8%, 17.1%, 18.6% and 16.3% of the population respectively.

Education, Skills and Training

The indicators within this domain fall into two sub-domains: Children and Young People and Adult Skills. The Children and Young People sub-domain comprises:

• Key Stage 2 attainment
• Key Stage 4 attainment
• Secondary school absence
• Staying on in education post 16
• Entry to higher education

The Adult Skills sub-domain is a non-overlapping count of the following two indicators:

• The proportion of working age adults with no or low qualifications (women aged 25 to 59 and men aged 25 to 64)
• The proportion of working adults who cannot speak English or cannot speak English well (women aged 25 to 59 and men aged 25 to 64)

This domain has a weighting of 13.5% when combined with the others to form the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019.

LSOAs in Bucklow-St Martins relative to Trafford on Education

Source: 2019 Indices of Deprivation, MHCLG

Bucklow-St Martins has 3 LSOAs in the bottom 4 within Trafford for this domain, with a sizable difference in rankings between the bottom 2. Trafford 017B and Trafford 017E are in the 1st decile (10% most deprived nationally) ranked 3,277 and 586 respectively out of 32,844. Trafford 017D is ranked 4,832 out of 32,844 and is in the 2^nd decile (20% most deprived nationally). Trafford 017C and Trafford 013D are in the 3^rd decile (30% most deprived nationally) and are ranked 7,347 and 9,808 out of 32,844 respectively. Finally Trafford 017A is ranked 10,625 out of 32,844 and is the in the 4^th decile (40% most deprived nationally).

Health and Disability

Measuring the risk of premature death and the impairment of quality of life through poor physical or mental health through the following four indicators:

• Years of potential life lost
• Comparative illness and disability ratio
• Acute morbidity
• Mood and anxiety disorders

This domain has a weighting of 13.5% when combined with the others to form the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019.

LSOAs in Bucklow-St Martins relative to Trafford on Health

Source: 2019 Indices of Deprivation, MHCLG

Half of the LSOAs in Bucklow St-Martins are in the 1^st decile (10% most deprived nationally) for this domain: Trafford 017B, Trafford 017D and Trafford 017E with a ranking of 3,151, 2,401 and 831 out of 32,844 respectively. Trafford 017A and Trafford 013D are in the 2^nd decile (20% most deprived nationally) ranked 4,545 and 4,527 out of 32,844 respectively. Trafford 017C ranked 7,652 out of 32,844 and is in the 3^rd decile (30% most deprived nationally).

Crime

This domain measures the rate of recorded crimes per 1,000 at risk population for:

• Violence: number of recorded violent crimes (18 recorded crime types in 2016/17; 20 recorded crime types in 2017/18)
• Burglary: number of recorded burglaries (4 recorded crime types)
• Theft: number of recorded thefts (5 recorded crime types)
• Criminal damage: number of recorded crimes (8 recorded crime types)

This domain has a weighting of 9.3% when combined with the others to form the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019.

LSOAs in Bucklow-St Martins relative to Trafford on Crime

Source: 2019 Indices of Deprivation, MHCLG

Trafford 017B and Trafford 017E are in the 1^st decile (10% most deprived nationally) ranked 3,177 and 2,190 out of 32,844 respectively. The other 4 LSOAs are each in a different decile. Trafford 017A is ranked 5,654 out of 32,844 and is in the 2^nd decile (20% most deprived nationally). Trafford 017D is in the 3^rd decile (30% most deprived) with a ranking of 8,985 out of 32,844. Trafford 017C is in the 4th decile (40% most deprived nationally) and is ranked 11,934 out of 32,844. Trafford 013D is ranked 16,823 out of 32,844 and is in the 6^th decile, meaning that it is in the top 50% least deprived areas nationally.

Barriers to Housing and Services

The indicators which comprise this domain are split into two sub-domains: Geographical Barriers and Wider Barriers. Geographical Barriers takes into account road distances to a:

• Post Office
• Primary School
• General Store
• Supermarket

Wider Barriers takes into account the following:

• Household overcrowding
• Homelessness
• Housing affordability

This domain has a weighting of 9.3% when combined with the others to form the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019.

LSOAs in Bucklow-St Martins relative to Trafford on Barriers to Housing & Services

Source: 2019 Indices of Deprivation, MHCLG

This domain shows quite a contrast in the rankings of the LSOAs with 2 in the 30% most deprived and 2 in the 20% least deprived nationally. Trafford 017D and Trafford 017E are in the 3^rd decile (30% most deprived nationally) ranked 7,444 and 6,653 out of 32,844 respectively. Trafford 017B is ranked 13,158 out of 32,844 putting it just in the 5^th decile (50% most deprived nationally). Trafford 017C is in the 7^th decile (40% least deprived nationally) with a rank of 22,852 out of 32,844. Trafford 017A and Trafford 013D are in the 9^th decile (top 20% least deprived nationally) with rankings of 28,359 and 27,127 out of 32,844 respectively.

Living Environment

This domain is also derived from two sub-domains: Indoors and Outdoors.

Indoors sub-domain:

• Houses without central heating
• Housing in poor condition: Social and private homes failing to meet the Decent Homes standard.

Outdoors sub-domain:

• Air quality: A measure of air quality based on emissions rates for four pollutants
• Road traffic accidents involving injury to pedestrians and cyclists: A measure of road traffic accidents involving injury to pedestrians and cyclists among the resident and workplace population

This domain has a weighting of 9.3% when combined with the others to form the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019.

LSOAs in Bucklow-St Martins relative to Trafford on Living Environment

Source: 2019 Indices of Deprivation, MHCLG

Similar to the Barriers to Housing and Services domain, the Living Environment domain shows a disparity between some of the LSOAs within Bucklow-St Martins ward with two thirds in the 50% most deprived nationally and one third in the 20% least deprived. Trafford 017A is in the 4^th decile (40% most deprived nationally), ranked 11,483 out of 32,844. Trafford 017C, Trafford 017D and Trafford 013D are all in the 5^th decile (50% most deprived nationally), ranked 15,945, 13,301 and 15,469 out of 32,844 respectively. Trafford 017B and Trafford 017E are in the 9^th decile (20% least deprived nationally) ranked 27,378 and 28,946 out of 32,844 respectively.

Income Deprivation Affecting Children

The proportion of children aged 0 to 15 living in income deprived households.

LSOAs in Bucklow-St Martins relative to Trafford on IDACI

Source: 2019 Indices of Deprivation, MHCLG

The IoD score in this sub-domain relates directly to the percentage of the population affected. The data shows a very similar picture to the overall Income domain, with 4 of the 6 LSOAs in the 20% most deprived nationally. Trafford 017B and Trafford 017E are in the 1^st decile (10% most deprived nationally) with 38.5% (rank 1,754 out of 32,844) and 44.1% (rank 805 out of 32,844) respectively of children living in income deprived households. Trafford 017C and Trafford 017D are in the 2^nd decile (20% most deprived nationally) with 28.9% (rank 4,921 out 32,844) and 30.7% (rank 4,097 out of 32,844) respectively of children living in income deprived households. Trafford 017A is in the 3^rd decile (30% most deprived nationally) with 24.7% (rank 7,052 out of 32,844) of children living in income deprived households. Trafford 013D is in the 4^th decile (40% most deprived nationally) with 19% (rank 10,765 out of 32,844) of children living in income deprived households.

Income Deprivation Affecting Older People

The proportion of people aged 60 and over living in income deprived households.

LSOAs in Bucklow-St Martins relative to Trafford on IDAOPI

Source: 2019 Indices of Deprivation, MHCLG

Bucklow-St Martins has 5 of the 6 LSOAs within the 30% most deprived nationally. Again for this sub-domain, as with the Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index, the score relates to the percentage of adults living within households affected by income deprivation. Trafford 017B, Trafford 017E and Trafford 013D are all within the 2^nd decile (20% most deprived nationally) with 33.7% (rank 3,380 out of 32,844), 33.8% (rank 3,356 out of 32,844) and 25.8% (rank 6,534 out of 32,844) respectively of adults living in income deprived households. Trafford 017C and Trafford 017D are in the 3^rd decile (30% most deprived nationally) with 22.1% (rank 8,605 out of 32,844) and 23.8% (rank 7,610 out of 32,844) respectively of adults living in income deprived households. Trafford 017A is in the 4^th decile with 17.9% (rank 11,575 out of 32,844) of adults living in households affected by income deprivation.